WhyweMustSaveDyingTongues
我们为什么应该拯救濒临消亡的语言?Hundredsofourlanguagesareteeteringonthebrinkofextinction,andasRachelNuwerdiscovers,wemaylosemorethanjustwordsifweallowthemtodieout.
人类的数百钟语言正濒临消亡,正如雷切尔·努尔发现的那样,如果我们让它们消亡,那么我们失去的可能不仅仅是语言。TomBelt,anativeofOklahoma,didn’tencountertheEnglishlanguageuntilhebegankindergarten.Inhishome,conversationstookplaceinCherokee.Beltgrewupridinghorses,andaftercollegebouncedaroundthecountrydoingtherodeocircuit.
俄克拉荷马州的汤姆·贝尔特直到上幼儿园时才开始接触英语。在家里,他都会使用切诺基语与家人进行交谈。贝尔特是骑着马长大的,大学毕业后,他在全国各地参加马术竞技会。Eventually,hewoundupinNorthCarolinainpursuitofawomanhemetatschool20yearsearlier.“Allthoseyearsago,shesaidthethingthatattractedhertomewasthatIwastheyoungestCherokeeshe’devermetwhocouldspeakCherokee,”hesays.“Iboughtaroundtriptickettovisither,butIneverusedtheotherendoftheticket.”
最终,他为了20年前在学校认识的一名女子来到了北卡罗来纳州。他说:“多年前,她说,我之所以吸引着她,是因为我是她见过的会说切诺基语的年龄最小的切诺基人。我买了往返票去看她,但我再也没有使用返程的票。”Thecouplemarried.Yethiswife–alsoCherokee–didnotspeakthelanguage.Hesoonrealisedthathewasaminorityamonghisownpeople.Atthattime,justorsoCherokeespeakerswereleftintheEasternBand,thetribelocatedintheCherokeeshistorichomelandandtheonethathiswifebelongsto.Childrenwerenolongerlearningthelanguageeither.“Ibegantorealisetheurgencyofthesituation,”Beltsays.Sohedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.
这对恋人最终结婚了。然而他的妻子(同样也是切诺基人)却不会说切诺基语。他很快意识到自己只是少数会说切诺基语的切诺基人了。当时,东部地区只有大约切诺基人会说切诺基语了,这个部落位于切罗基人历史上的家园,他的妻子就来自这个部落。孩子们也不再学习这种语言。贝尔特说:“我开始意识到问题的严重性。”所以他决定做点什么。Cherokeeisfarfromtheonlyminoritylanguagethreatenedwithdemise.Overthepastcenturyalone,aroundlanguages–aboutoneeverythreemonths–havegoneextinct,andmostlinguistsestimatethat50%oftheworld’sremaining6,languageswillbegonebytheendofthiscentury(someputthatfigureashighas90).
切诺基语远不是唯一濒临消亡的少数民族语言。仅在过去的一个世纪里,就有大约种语言(大约每三个月就有一种)消失了。大多数语言学家估计,到本世纪末,世界上现存的6种语言中将有50%消失(也有人认为这一比例将高达90%)。Today,thetoptenlanguagesintheworldclaimaroundhalfoftheworld’spopulation.Canlanguagediversitybepreserved,orareweonapathtobe
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